Natural Dyes

Natural Dyes for Healthy Life

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Some examples of natural dyes used for coloring foods (Quoted from the book to make natural dyes and Elfi work hidayat nur anis saati issue Trubus Agrisarana 2006. Could be obtained at bookstores across Indonesia) are:

•  Carotene, produces an orange color to red. Typically used to color products such as oil and grease cooking oil and margarine. Can be obtained from carrots, papaya and so on.

• BIKSIN, giving yellow like butter. Biksin obtained from the seeds of Bixa orellana tree which is found in the tropics and is often used to color butter, margarine, corn oil and salad dressing.

• CARAMEL, which is dark brown is the result of the hydrolysis (breakdown) of carbohydrates, sugar, lactose and malt syrup. Caramel consists of 3 types, namely caramel-resistant acid that is often used for carbonated beverages, liquid caramel for bread and biscuits, as well as a dry caramel. Coconut sugar which functions as a sweetener, also gives a brownish red color on drink coconut water or ice cendol

• CHLOROPHYLL, producing green color, obtained from the leaves. Widely used for food. Nowadays even began to be used on a variety of health products. Chlorophyll pigments are abundant in leaves (eg suji leaves, pandan, cinnamon etc). Suji leaves, pandan leaves, and cinnamon leaves are used as a producer of green color for different types of cake snacks. Besides producing a beautiful green color, they also have a distinctive fragrance

• Anthocyanins, producing red, orange, purple and blue found in many fruits and flowers like roses, water henna, hibiscus, flower beads / kana, chrysanthemum, pelargonium, china aster, and apple, cherry, grape, strawberries, also can be found in the mangosteen fruit and sweet potato tubers. Telang flowers, produces purplish blue color. Starfruit flowers produce red. The use of natural dyes, such as anthocyanin pigments are still limited to some food products, such as beverage products (fruit, juice and milk).
• curcumin, derived from turmeric as a spice kitchen and gives a yellow color to dishes that we make.

Manufacturing natural color is actually very easy. The materials that can be used as a natural dye are ground, you can also use a regular blender or pestle. Then add some water, squeeze and filter it with a filter. To make brighter colors, you can add a little lime or lemon juice. Having obtained the juice dyes, then they are stored in the refrigerator or freezer.
If the dye is derived from coconut sugar which is also used as a dye sweetener, you must select a good quality coconut sugar so you don't need to filter it, then dissolved in cold water or hot water for quick result. Meanwhile, to make green dye and also as fragrance can be used the combinations of pandan and suji leaves. Both leaves are pounded with a little water, wring it out, then strain.

Pigments Concentrated Liquid

To make the Concentration it is required better tools such as the solvent petroleum ether (PE), filter paper, vacuum filters, vacuum evaporator (to evaporate the solvent), refrigerator.

• To filter the Extract obtained from the simple way extraction, we can use filtered vacuum in order to accelerate the separation between pigments and waste materials. Filtration process is done using filter paper.
• Add 2% petroleum ether, in order to separate the pigment anthocyanin with other materials (non-anthocyanin)
• Take the colors that exist in petroleum ether then evaporated with a vacuum evaporator with a temperature of 40-50 C.
• Generated more pure concentrated pigments.

Pigment Powders

Manufacture of pigment powder made by adding fillers (fillers) such as starch, dextrin or gum arabic and used tools spary drier. Dyes are extracted with petroleum ether mixed with dextrin (10-30%) then put in a spray drier with inlet temperature of 100 - 1100C and outlet temperature of 50 - 600C. machine is turned on with a vacuum pump to reduce pigment damage by oxygen. The resulting pigment powder then can be packed with dark plastic (aluminum foil) and stored in a place that is not damp.

MODALS

MODALS

Modals + simple form (modals + Verb1)

Modal	The use, examples:
Can/could	·   to express ability = dapat, bisa,mungkin. Could adalah bentuk past dari can. àWhen I was a child I couldn’t swim across the river, but now I can. ·   Could is used as polite remark in a request: àCould you do me a favor? is more polite than Can you do me a favor?
May/might	·   to express permission = boleh, mungkin. Might adalah bentuk past dari May. àYesterday I might go home early. Why may I not go home early now? ·   = express possibility. In the future or at the present time. àShe may come late because of the traffict jam. è She might not have money to buy a new car.
Should/Had better	·   To express a suggestion/ an opinion/ advice (usulan/ saran/nasehat) àYou should/ had better study tonight. = it is a good idea if you study tonight. ·   To express hope/ expectation (harapan) è My check should arrive next week. = I hope that the check will arrive next week.
Must	·   To express an obligation / a neccessity =harus,usah àYou must call your insurance today. An automobile must have gasoline to run. ·   To express a logical conclusion =pastilah/mestinya àThe grass is wet. It must have rained.
Will/ Shall	·   =akan àI will call you back later. I shall be home before 9  p.m.
Would/ ought to	·   = akan à would adalah bentuk past dari will à To express  past habits è I will go to Surabaya tomorrow. è When you saw me at the market, I would buy vegetables and fruits. è I would play in the rain when I was a child. (dulu biasanya)

Modal + perfective form

Modal + have + Verb 3/been

Could + have V3/been	§ To express something could actually happen in the past. (sebenarnya bisa) è He could have eaten ice cream. (he actually could eat it, but he didn’t)
Might + have V3/been	§ To express a propabilityor an assumption that something happened in the past. àHis shoes were still dirty, he might have forgotten to clean it. (probably she forgot)
Should +have V3/been	§ To express an unaccomplished action/event in the past (harusnya dilakukan tp tdk) àShe should have done her homework last night. (she actually had to do but she didn’t)
Must +have V3/been	§ To express a logical conclusion that something happened in the past based on certain facts/data.the truth is not absolut. è They failed in the exam. They must not have studied. ( i believe/conclude that they didn’t study for the exam)

Exercise:

Do as the example: The phone rang but I didn’t hear it. (I must/be/asleep)

                                  à I must have been asleep.

1.       That dress you bought is very good quality. (it must/be/ very expensive)

2.       I haven’t seen Jack for ages. (he must/go/away)

3.       I wonder where my umbrella is. (you must/leave/it on the train)

4.       She knew everything about our [plans.(she must/listen/to our conversation)

5.       When I woke up this morning, the light was on.(I must/forget / to turn it off)

6.       I don’t undertand how the accident happened. (the driver couldn’t/see/ the red light)

7.       Deni did the opposite of what I asked him to do. (he couldn’t/understand/what I said)

8.       Dian passed the exam. He didn’t study for it. (the exam couldn’t/ be/very difficult)

Reported speech

Reported Speech

(Kalimat Tidak Langsung)

Lawang Sewu, Semarang, Central Java-(Private photo)

Notice the way we report statements, questions or requests and orders

Questions: (kalimat tanya) 

--> remember that if can be replaced by whether and vice versa. If/whether are used in Yes/No Questions

" Are you going to Lawang Sewu?" “ Are you still a student?” “Can you work the afternoon?” “Do you understand?” “What does your elder sister ask in her letter?”  ” What time is it?”

He asked me if I was going to Lawang Sewu. He asked me whether I was still a student. He asked me if I could work in the afternoon. He asked me whether I understood. He asked me what my elder sister asked in her letter. He asked me what time it was.

Requests: (permintaan) ---> To + Verb 1

“Please have a drink.” “Please close the door.” Come with me,please.”

She asked me to have a drink. She asked me to close the door. She asked me to come with her.

Statement: (pernyataan/kalimat)

Am/is Are Have/has Don’t/doesn’t Verb-1 Verb-2 Have/has+V3 Was/were Will/won’t Can/can’t May

Was Were Had Didn’t Verb-2 Had verb-3 Had+Verb3 Had been Would/wouldn’t Could/couldn’t Might

Tom: “ It is alright.” “They are angry.” “I have much money.” “ She doesn’t understand. “ I need clean water. “ I saw you crossing the street.  " I have found the lost key" “ I was at home.” “ I won’t give up.” “ They can’t give more time.” “ We may leave this town.”

He said (that) it was alright. He said (that) they were angry. He said (that) he had much money. He said (that) she didn’t understand. He said (that) he needed  clean water. He said (that) he had seen me crossing the street. He said (that) he had found the key He said (that) he had been at home. He said (that) he wouldn’t give up. He said (that) he couldn’t give more time. He said (that) we might leave this town.

Note:    When we’re reporting something, we may also need to change these words.

This --> that                                          tomorrow ---->  the next day

These --> those                                   this (week/month) ----->  (week/month)

Here ---> there                                     last (week/month) ------>  the  (week/month) before

Yesterday ---> the day before      next (week/month) -------> the next (week/month)

                                                           The following (week/month)

Exercise:

1.    “Why isn’t she at work?” 2.    “Where are you studying?” 3.    “What are they talking about? 4.    “When will he visit you?” 5.    “What happened?” 6.    “Did anyone look for me?” 7.    “Can I borrow your camera?” 8.    “Have you always lived in Pati?” 9.    “who looks after the record players?” 10. “How long have they  been known each other? 11. “Do I have to do all these exercises?” 12. “Shall I wait for the others?” 13. “Why wasn’t everyone done the exercises?” 14. “When does the new term start?” 15. “Who do you like best?” 16. “Who likes you best?” 17. “Would you like to come as well?” 18. “Shall I need my raincoat?” 19. “Will you accompany me to have dinner?” 20. “Why don’t we move now?”

He wanted to know

Why she wasn’t at work. ____we___________________ ____they__________________ ____she____________________ What _______________________ ____anyone___________________ ____he_______________________ ____we_______________________ Who _________________________ ___they ______________________ ___he _______________________ ___he________________________ ___nobody____________________ ____The new term______________ ____we_______________________ Who_________________________ ___we_______________________ ____he_______________________ ____I________________________ ____they_____________________

Another Quiz

Choose the best answer!

1. These children novels_____ by Tere Liye.

A. are wrote                 B. were written

C. was written              D. wrote

2. “ I will give you some money,” said Andre. Andre said ____ me some money.

A. he will give                         B. he would give         

C. he could give           D. she would give

3.            Arra: what do you think a spanner is used for?

Betty:_______ It is used for holding and turning nuts onto bolts

A. I don’t know                       B. I’m not sure

C. I don’t think so        D. I’m certain

4. Vera: Do you think Reza will pass the math exam?

Zahra: _________. He only answered 5 out of 50 questions.

A. Yes, of course.                    B. Yes I’m (quite) certain, he will.

c. No, without doubt                D. Well, It’s doubtful

5. If you ________   the bus you would have to call a taxi..

A. missed                     B. miss             C. is missing    D. are missing

6. If she loves me, __________

A. I would love her      B. she won’t leave me alone

C. I will love him         D. I would leave you

7. The earlier we leave, _______

A. the sooner we’ll arrive.       B. the more you want

C. the more I like him              D. the faster

8. Father makes the monkey _____ a bike.

A, to ride         B. to rode         C. Ride                        D. Rode

C. The faster you will learn                 D. The higher you’ll be paid

9. Soto taste delicious, but sate tastes more delicious.

A. Sate isn’t as delicious as Soto                      B. Soto is as delicious as sate      

C. Soto is not delicious                                    D. Soto isn’t as delicious as sate

10.  The mechanic repaired the broken car in the garage.

A. The car was repaired in the garage     B. The car repaired in the garage

C. The car being repaired in the garage    D. The car was being repaired in the garage

11. If, we had had much money, we would have bought a plane. It means__

A.  I didn’t have money to buy a plane           B. I don’t have money to buy a plane.

C. I don’t want to buy a plane             D. I have much money

12. Agus : "I met Agnes at the bank on Monday."

Farhan:” Agus said __________ Agnes at the bank on Monday”

A. she had met             B. he had met

C. she has met             D. he has met

13.  Badrol: “May I borrow your camera?”

Aisya: “ Badrol asked me ________ ?

A. whether he might borrow his camera.         B. If he may borrow your camera

C. if you might borrow his camera      D. If he may borrow my camera

14. I always have my clothes ______ by the maid.

A. wash            B. washed       C/ to wash        D.to washed

15. I will get someone _____ the yard.

A. cleaned                   B. to clean

C. clean                       D. cleaning

16. Clarita: English lesson is really boring!

Dani: ___________. I love it.

A. That’s right.             B.I disagree I’m afraid.

C. I think that’s right.   D. I agree with you.

17.  They made my birthday cake yesterday.

A. My birthday cake were made yesterday. B. My birthday cake is maked yesterday.

C. My birthday cake made yesterday.  D. My birthday cake was made yesterday.

18.  If he had finished his homework, he ­­­­_________ helped you.

A. might have                                      B. may had

C. would                                  D. might

19. She has become a famous writer _______ her physical handicap.

A. In spite        B. Despite        C. Although     D. even though

20.  _____the price is high, my son insists on buying this motorcycle.

A. Even though            B. Despite       C. in spite of    D. in spite

21. If I __ (be) rich, I would not borrow your money.

A. was             B. were                        C. is                 D. are

22. You look tired. How about ________

A. make fried rice                    B. buy some clothes   

C. going to the library              D. taking a nap

23.  Your son looks hungry. Why don’t you ______

A. feed him     B. feeding him

C. eat this apple           D. eating this apple

24. The old woman _____ cows were stolen went to the police station.

A.     Which        B. Who                        C. Whom         D, whose

25. Five Rajawali cars ________ by SMK students.

A. is being made                      B. are being make

C. is made                                D. are made

26. _______her dislike for coffee, she drank it to keep herself warm.

A. in spite        B. despite         C. Although     D. since

27. The house _____ you want to buy belongs to my uncle.

A.     Who           B. Whom         C. Which         D. Whose

28. The baby _____ the midwife found in front of her house is  taken to the hospital.

A.     Who           B. Whom         C. Which         D. Whose

29. Your shoes look dirty. How about _____

A. wash it                    B. wash them

C. washing it                D. washing them

30. They put in jail the little boy ______ had stolen money to pay his school fee.

A.     Who           B. Whom         C. Which         D. Whose

Error Recognition.

Find the mistake in each sentence and then correct them!

1. Mrs. Ridwan:  "Are you looking for something special?

A              B

Mrs. Ridwan asked if you are looked for something special.

                        C                 D

2. If I have had an airplane, I would have traveled around the world.

        A    B                              C                 D

3. They were being treat by the doctor when the ambulance arrived.

A    B         C                                                           D

4. Bungee jumping are more dangerous than skateboarding.

  A    B         C                         D

5. I still love you in spite of what I say about you last night

     A                B               C     D                                

6. Two Rajawali cars has been produced in the past six months.

                              A      B       C                                 D

7. They would operated this machine if you taught them.

A             B             C                           D        

8. The babies has been fed by my brother.

A     B      C      D

9. My mother always make me wake up early.

       A     B       C          D

10. My father will has the roof fixed by Mr. Bejo.

     A    B                 C      D

Good luck

UNFORGETTABLE DREAM

         It It was Thursday night. I went to bed with my daughter and son. Then at about half past eleven, I woke up and continued working on my computer.I kept on typing and while doing this I was also reciting AL-Ikhlas.

           At about three a.m, I was so tired and sleepy that I decided to stop typing and laid my head on the pillow. I planned to sleep for a half an hour. I was about to fall a sleep when suddenly I heard someone's coughing from the the bathroom. It was like the sound of my mother's cough. then I saw her approaching me and then she laid down beside me ( on my right side). Unfortunately I couldn't see her face nor body clearly. The room was dark because  I turned off the lamp.

          At that time I really wanted to see her, her face...to touch her and speak to her although I realized that she had passed away. Unfortunately I couldn't say any word nor move my hands and head. She was so close to me, but I didn't see her face and I can't hug her. I kept struggling to free my hands and head. So that I could touch her and hug her. I heard she was giggling and said something I didn't understand. because it's not clear, but it seems that she said something as usual when we have a chat.

        Finally, I could say "MOm, I miss you so" but it's not clear at all. I felt it's so hard to  speak. Then I woke up...completely and realized that I was dreaming. But although it was only a dream, I felt it as a real thing, because it happened shortly after I laid my head. Even in that dream I still remembered that I was just close my eyes and about to fall asleep when I heard that cough, my mother's cough.

         Deep deep in my heart I believe that my mom really visited me, even when I was in doubt I ensure myself and my heart to believe that it wasn't a dream. I miss that dream...I wanna meet my beloved mom although it's only in my dream. May God loves her and gives her the best place in heaven. 

KAMUS KATA KERJA (INDONESIA-INGGRIS)

Kamus Kata Kerja

Indonesia-Inggris

A

Indonesia	Verb 1	Verb 2	Verb 3	Example
Abai (Meng-kan)	Ignore Disregard	Ignored Disregarded	Ignored Disregarded	She ignores the rule.
Abdi  (Meng-kan)	Serve Subjugate Devote	Served Subjugated Devoted	Served Subjugated Devoted	The old woman has served us for thirty years.
Aben (Meng-kan)	Cremate	Cremated	Cremated	They cremate the dead body.
Abonemen	Subscribe	Subscribed	Subscribed	Subscribe for magazine
Aborsi	Abort	Aborted	Aborted	To abort a baby is forbidden by the God law.
Absah (Meng-kan)	Endorse Approve Legalize	Endorsed Approved Legalized	Endorsed Approved Legalized	The Regency approved her application.
Absent	Call roll	Called roll	Called roll	The teacher calls roll her students every morning.
Abstrak  (Me-kan)	Shorten	Shortened	Shortened	We must abstract this paper.
Acak (men-)	Mess up Put in disorder Disturb	Messed up Put in disordered Disturbed	Messed up Put in disordered Disturbed	Don’t mess up this room! The kid put his toys in disorder.
.Acu (meng-) .meng-kan	Point Aimed Threaten  Refer	Pointed Aimed Threatened  Referred	Pointed Aimed Threatened  Referred	He pointed his spear to me He aimed the gun to the police. His speech refers to his new book.
Acuh	Care about Be concerned about	Cared about Was/were concerned		He cares about us. He was concerned about us.
Acung	Hold up Point	Held up Pointed	Held up Pointed	They held up their guns.
Ada (berada) Meng-kan	Be (is,am,are) Organize Arrange Deliver Create	(was, were) Organized Arranged Delivered Created	Been Organized Arranged Delivered Created	They were in danger. We will organize a big match.
Adang (meng-)	Intercept Block Ambush	Intercepted Blocked Ambushed	Intercepted Blocked Ambushed	The police block the street due to the accident.
Adaptasi	Adapt Assimilate	Adapted Assimilated	Adapted Assimilated	She can adapt easily with her new friends.
Adu (ber-)	Compete Collide Clink (glasses on a toast) Bang Bump (head)	Competed Collided Clank Bumped	Competed Collided Clunk Bumped	Persija competes with Arema. A car collided with a cart. His foot banged against the chair.
Adu (meng-)	Tell Inform Squeal Report	Told Informed Squealed Reported	Told Informed Squealed Reported	Don’t tell mother please!
Aduh (meng-)	Moan groan	Moaned Groaned	Moaned Groaned	They moan and groan because of their injuries.
Aduk	Stir (tea, coffee) Beat (egg, butter) Mix Scramble (egg)	Stirred Beat Mixed Scrambled	Stirred Beaten Mixed Scrambled	She stirs the coffee after putting a teaspoon of sugar.
Afdruk	Print Copy Develop	Printed Copied Developed	Printed Copied Developed	Would you please print these photos?
Afirmasi	Affirm	Affirmed	Affirmed
Agen (me-i)	Distribute Handle Manage	Distributed Handled Managed	Distributed Handled Managed	We distribute some local and national magazines.
Agung (me-kan)	Glorify Exalt Elevate Praise  Boast	Glorified Exalted Elevated Praiesed Boasted	Glorified Exalted Elevated Praiesed Boasted	Every one glorifies her for her achievement.
Air (me-i)	Irrigate (the rice field) Dilute with water	Irrigated Diluted	Irrigated Diluted	Before we plant the paddy, we must irrigate the rice field.
Ajak (me-)	Invite Ask Urge Challenge	Invited Asked Urged Challenged	Invited Asked Urged Challenged	We’ve invited them to our party.
1.Ajar (me-) 2.Belajar	Teach Study Train   Coach	Taught Studied Trained Coached	Taught Studied Trained Coached	He teaches Mandarin.
Aju	File Submit Send (application) Propose	Filed Submitted Send proposed	Filed Submitted Send proposed	They submitted the report yesterday.
Akal (me-i)	Deceive Seek a way Endeavor	Deceived Sought Endeavored	Deceived Sought Endeavored	His brother deceived him.
Akar (ber-)	Root Take a root	Rooted Took a root	Rooted Took a root	This idea is rooted in our ancient belief.
Akhir (ber-) Me-i	End Become extinct Close, end	Ended Became Closed, ended	Ended Became extinct Closed, ended	She ended their relationship.
Akibat (ber-)	Result (from)	Resulted	Resulted	This condition results from the
Akomodasi (me-kan)	Accommodate Lodge House	Accomodated Lodged Housed	Accomodated Lodged Housed	The travel agent will accommodate everything.
Akrab (meng-kan)	Bring close Strengthen (friendship, etc)	Brought Strengthened	Brought Strengthened	He strengthened our relationship by introducing his parents to me.
Akselerasi (me-kan)	Accelerate	Accelerated	Accelerated	The driver
Aksentuasi (meng-kan)	Accentuate Stress	Accentuated stressed	Accentuated stressed
Aksi (ber-)	Be in action Show off Flaunt	Was/were in action Show off Flaunted	Been  in action Show off Flaunted	The little boy shows off his new bicycle.
Aktif (meng-kan)	Activate	Activated	Activated	He activated the alarm before leaving his house.
Aktualisasi (meng-kan) = aktualisir (meng-)	Actualize Bring up to date	Actualized Brought up to date	Actualize Brought up to date	We must actualize our plan as soon as possible.
Aku (meng-) Meng-i	Confess Admit Claim to be Acknowledge	Confessed Admitted Claimed to be Acknowledged	Confessed Admitted Claimed to be Acknowledged	The thief confessed of stealing money.
Akur (meng-kan)	Agree to do Reconcile	Agreed to do Reconciled	Agreed to do Reconciled	He agreed to go with me. The police reconciled the two persons.
Alam (meng-i)	Experience	Experienced	Experienced	She experienced a hard life.
Alamat (meng-kan)	Address	Addressed	Addressed	She addressed the letter to me.
Alas (meng-i)	Cover	Covered	Covered	She covers the table with a new cloth.
Alat (memper-)	Manipulate	Manipulated	Manipulated	He manipulated you.
Aliansi (ber-)	Be allied	Was/were allied	Been allied
Alih (ber-)	Change Shift Move Replace	Changed Shifted Move d Replaced	Changed Shifted Moved Replaced	Times change. Her gaze shifted towards her father. We moved to a bigger house.
Alihbahasa (meng-kan)	Translate	Translated	Translated	Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk has been translated into English.
Alir (meng-) (meng-i)	Flow Pour Stream (down) Flow through Siphon	Flew Poured Streamed Siphoned	Flown Poured Streamed Siphoned	Water streamed down toward the river. She siphoned the vinegar from a bottle.
Alokasi	Allocate	Allocated	Allocated	The goverment allocated 20 percent fund for education.
Amal (me-kan)	Apply Carry out with devotion	Applied	Applied	We have applied this new method since last week.
Aman (meng-kan)	Pacify	Pacified	Pacified	The state police have pacified this area.
Amat (meng-i)	Watch closely Keep track of Inspect Examine Monitor  Supervise	Watched closely Kept track of Inspected Examined Monitored Supervised	Watched closely Kept track of Inspected Examined Monitored Supervised	The police always keep track of the unusual case.
Ambang (meng-)	Float	Floated	Floated	Rock doesn’t float.
Ambil (meng-)	Take (over/away) Take apart Get Fetch	Took Got Fetched	Taken Gotten Fetched	Just take a deep breath and relax!
Amplas (meng-i)	Scour	Scoured	Scoured	The carpenter scours the wooden chair.
Ampun (meng-i)	Forgive Pardon	Forgave	Forgiven	Please forgive me.
Analisa (meng-)	Analyze	Analyzed	Analyzed
Ancam (meng-)	Threaten	Threatened	Threatened
Andai (meng-kan)	Suppose Assume	Supposed Assumed	Supposed Assumed	He assumed that all the debt will be paid.
Andal (meng-kan)	Rely on Trade	Relied on Traded	Relied on Traded	The OPEC countries rely on oil income.
Angan (ber-)  (meng-kan)	Dream Fantasize Recall Ponder Contemplate Imagine	Dreamed Fantasized Recalled Pondered Contemplated Imagined	Dreamed Fantasized Recall ed Ponder ed Contemplated Imagined	He dreams of making the Hajj.
Anggap (meng-)	Regard as Consider Deem	Regarded as Considered Deemed	Regarded as Considered Deemed	I consider you as my brother. They deem it wrong.
Anggar (meng-)	Estimate Calculate Draw up a budget	Estimated Calculated Drew up a budget	Estimated Calculated Drawn up a budget	We must draw up a budget estimate.
Angguk (meng-)	Nod	Nodded	Nodded	He nodded in agreement.
Angin (me-kan)	Expose Air Aerate	Exposed Aired Aerated	Exposed Aired Aerated	We expose the laundry to the air so it would dry quickly.
Angkasa (meng-)	Soar Take off	Soared Took off	Soared Taken off	The airplane is soaring high.
Angkat (ber-) (Meng-)	Leave Depart Set out Lift (up) Raise Promote Appoint Remove	Left Departed Set out Lifted (up) Raised Promoted Appointed Removed	Left Departed Set out Lifted (up) Raised Promoted Appointed Removed	He left for Canbera this morning. He lifted the big stone. She promoted him to be the manager.
Angkut (meng-) Meng-i	Carry Transport Pick up Collect	Carried Transported Picked up Collected	Carried Transported Picked up Collected	The trucks carry the goods to the harbor.
Angsur (meng-)	Pay in installment Do gradually	Paid in installment Did gradually	Paid in installment Did gradually	We have to pay the debt   instalment.
Aniaya (meng-)	Maltreat Torture Beat viciously	Maltreated Tortured Beat	Maltreated Tortured Beated	The doctor maltreated the patient and was reported to the police.
Anjak (ber-)	Move Get up	Moved Got up	Moved Got up	She hasn’t moved from her position for some hours.
Anjlog	Descend  rapidly Plummet Plunged Shift rapidly Jump	Descent rapidly Plummeted Shifted  Jumped	Descent rapidly Plummeted Shifted  Jumped	House prices have plummeted. The train jumped the rails.
Anjur (meng-kan)	Suggest Propose Recommend	Suggested Proposed Recommended	Suggested Proposed Recommended	We suggest him to visit his parents more often.
Antar (meng-)	Accompany Send Deliver  Bring	Accompanied Sent Delivered Brought	Accompanied Sent Delivered Brought	She accompanies me to the gym. The postman delivers the mail everyday.
Antisipasi (meng-)	Anticipate	Anticipated	Anticipated
Anugerah (meng-)	Bestow Grant Confer	Bestowed Granted Confered	Bestowed Granted Confered	The king granted me much money.
Anut (meng-)	Follow Profess	Followed Professed	Followed Professed	She followed her teacher’s instruction. They profess Moslem.
Anyam (meng-)	Plait Braid	Plaited Braided	Plaited Braided	They plait a mat. She braids her hair.
Apung (meng-)	Float	Floated	Floated	The pieces of wood are floating on the river.
Arah (meng-)	Aim Direct Point	Aimed Directed Pointed	Aimed Directed Pointed	The police aimed the gun at the robber.
Arak (meng-)	Accompany in a procession	Accompanied	Accompanied	The bride is accompanied in procession before the wedding ceremony.
Arti (ber-)	Mean	Meant	Meant
Arung (meng-)	Wade across Cross Sail through	Waded across Crossed Sailed	Waded across Crossed Sailed	Let’s wade across the river.
Asah (meng-)	Sharpen Polish Shine Burnish Grind	Sharpened Polished Shone/shined Burnished Ground	Sharpened Polished Shone/shined Burnished Ground	He sharpens the knife.
Asal (ber-)	Come from	Came from	Came from	He comes from Demak.
Asam (meng-kan)	Pickle Preserve	Pickled Preserved	Pickled Preserved	We pickle the carica fruits and sell them.
Asap (ber) (Meng-i)	Smoke Cure Fumigate Scent	Smoked Cured Fumigated Scented	Smoked Cured Fumigated Scented	She smoked the fish caught by her husband.
Asas (ber-kan) (Meng-kan)	Be based on Found Base	Was based on Founded Based	Was based on Founded Based	The system is based on the new theory.
Asin (meng-i)	Salt Pickle	Salted Pickled	Salted Pickled	She salted the fish.
Asing (meng-kan)	Isolate Separate Banish Exile	Isolated Separated Banished Exiled	Isolated Separated Banished Exiled	The government isolated the lepers on a small island.
Asuh (meng-)	Care for Take care of Rear bring up Educate Train	Cared for Took care of Reared Educated Trained	Cared for Took care of Reared Educated Trained	He takes care of all his children after his wife passed away.
Asuransi (meng-kan)	Insurance	Insuranced	Insuranced	I insurance the house.
Atas (meng-namakan)	Act on behalf of	Acted on behalf	Acted on behalf	I acted on behalf of the owner of this house.
Atur (meng-)	Arrange Adjust Regulate Organize Put in order	Arranged Adjusted Regulated Organized Put in order	Arranged Adjusted Regulated Organized Put in order	They have arranged everything.
Audit	Conduct an audit	Conducted	Conducted	There is an independent institution that conduct an audit.
Aum (meng-)	Roar Bellow Buzz	Roared Bellowed Buzzed	Roared Bellowed Buzzed	The tiger roared and ran into the forest.
Autopsy (meng-)	Perform an autopsy	Performed an autopsy	Performed an autopsy	The doctors perform an autopsy on the dead body.
Awal (meng-i)	Head Precede	Headed Preceded	Headed Preceded	He precedes the business without much money.
Awas (meng-i)	Supervise Control Administer Check Oversee	Supervised Controlled Administered Checked Oversaw	Supervised Controlled Administered Checked Overseen	Who is supervising this work?
Awet (meng-kan)	Preserve Can Stuff (animals)	Preserved Canned Stuffed	Preserved Canned Stuffed	The fast food is not healthy because it is preserved.
Ayak (meng-)	Sieve Sift	Sieved Sifted	Sieved Sifted	Mother ask me to sieve the flour.
Ayom (meng-i)	Protect Shelter Guard	Protected Sheltered Guarded	Protected Sheltered Guarded	Jokowi always protects the citizen.
Ayun (ber-) (Meng-)	Swing Sway Rock (child, cradle) Wield	Swung Swayed Rocked Wielded	Swung Swayed Rocked Wielded	Mom is rocking the cradle to make the baby sleep.
Azab (meng-)	Torment Persecute Harass	Tormented Persecuted Harassed	Tormented Persecuted Harassed	Her uncle persecuted her before asking her to leave.